THREATS

Healthy colonies don't fall apart by accident. Varroa mites, American foulbrood, small hive beetle, nosema, deformed wing virus, wax moths, fire ants. Every one of them has a threshold, a management approach, and a point where it becomes a colony-ending problem if you don't act. This encyclopedia covers the threats we manage in central Texas: what they are, how to identify them in the field, and what actually works at the scale of a working operation. We don't treat preventatively and we don't guess. We count mites, read brood patterns, and make decisions based on what the numbers say. That's how you build a yard that survives.